Les propositions participiales (participle clauses) permettent de combiner deux informations en une seule phrase courte et élégante. Elles sont particulièrement utiles à l’écrit pour éviter les répétitions de “and”, “because” ou “who”.
1. Le Participe Présent (en -ING)
On l’utilise pour remplacer une proposition active (souvent avec because, when ou who).
- Because she felt tired, she went to bed. -> Feeling tired, she went to bed.
- The man who is standing over there is my boss. -> The man standing over there is my boss.
2. Le Participe Passé (en -ED)
On l’utilise pour remplacer une proposition passive.
- Because it was built in 1900, the house is very old. -> Built in 1900, the house is very old.
- The book which was written by Orwell is a classic. -> The book written by Orwell is a classic.
3. Le “Perfect Participle” (Having + Participe Passé)
On l’utilise pour insister sur le fait qu’une action est terminée avant l’action principale.
- After he had finished his work, he went home. -> Having finished his work, he went home.
4. La règle d’or : Même Sujet ! 💡
Le sujet de la proposition participiale doit être le même que celui de la proposition principale.
- ✅ Walking down the street, I saw Sarah. (C’est moi qui marchais).
- ❌ Walking down the street, the sun was shining. (Le soleil ne marchait pas dans la rue !).
À toi de jouer ! ✍️
Transforme les phrases en utilisant une proposition participiale.
À toi de jouer ! ✍️
#1 Because he didn't know the answer, he said nothing. -> the answer, he said nothing.
#2 The girl who is sitting next to Tom is my sister. -> The girl to Tom is my sister.
#3 Because it was made in Japan, the car is very reliable. -> Japan, the car is very reliable.
#4 After she had lost her keys, she couldn't enter. -> her keys, she couldn't enter.
#5 While he was waiting for the bus, he read a book. -> for the bus, he read a book.
#6 The bridge which was destroyed in the war was rebuilt. -> The bridge in the war was rebuilt.
#7 Because I live alone, I have a lot of free time. -> , I have a lot of free time.
#8 After he had seen the movie, he didn't want to read the book. -> the movie, he didn't want to read the book.
#9 The man who is talking to the police is a witness. -> The man the police is a witness.
#10 Being a student, he gets a discount. (Parce qu'il est étudiant) -> a student, he gets a discount.